The term area 31pv refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area v23ab, dorsally by area 31pd, and rostrally by area 31a and ventrally by area d23ab. It is considered one of three parts of area 31 of Vogt-2009. The others are area 31pd and area 31a. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in BODY, FACE and STORY tasks. It is deactivated in PLACE and THEORY OF MIND tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 31, 31d and 31v ( Glasser-2016 ).