The term parahippocampal gyrus refers to one of four components of the limbic lobe in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). The other components are the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and subcallosal gyrus. Identified by dissection, it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. It is separated from the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe laterally by the collateral sulcus and from the inferior temporal gyrus rostrally by the rhinal sulcus. It is composed of two substructures, the anterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHGa) and the posterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHGp). In Functional segmenation of the cerebral cortex the PHGp is combined with the fusiform gyrus to form the posterior parahippocampal cortex (PHCp) ( Glasser-2016 ). An equivalent structural formation is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). Updated 24 May 2024.