premotor cortex - BrainInfo

premotor cortex (PREM)

The term premotor cortex refers to anterodorsal areas of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function. It is one of two parts of the motor cortex; the other is the primary motor cortex ( Matelli-2004 ). In the human it is located in caudal parts of the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and in the rostral part of the precentral gyrus not occupied by the primary motor cortex; it is identified with area 6 of Brodmann (human). In the macaque it is located entirely in the precentral gyrus and, dorsally, in the caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus; it is also identified with area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). In both it is subdivided into three parts: the mesial premotor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and ventral premotor cortex. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the premotor cortex, defined by absence of granular layers, is not subdivided. It is the more medial of the two parts of the motor cortex located dorsolaterally in the anterior half of the cerebral cortex; at the frontal pole it occupies the entire dorsal aspect of the cortex; from there it gradually narrows to its caudal extreme, where it occupies a narrow band on the dorsal surface along the midline.

Also known as: premotor area, promotor cortex, premotor cortex, intermediate precentral cortex, secondary somatomotor areas, secondary motor cortex, nonprimary motor cortex, secondary motor areas

NeuroNames ID: 2331

All Names & Sources

1 of 20

Showing 20 synonym(s) - Use arrows to navigate

Showing 20 synonym(s)

Name:

premotor area

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1991

Citation:

Fourth Edition, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1991

Source Title:

Core Text of Neuroanatomy

Name:

promotor cortex

Language:

English

Organism:

primate

Source:

Wise-1985a

Citation:

Annu Rev Neurosci 1985;8:1-19

Source Title:

The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory

Name:

Language:

acronym

Organism:

primate

Source:

Wise-1985a

Citation:

Annu Rev Neurosci 1985;8:1-19

Source Title:

The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory

Name:

prämotorischer Kortex

Language:

German

Organism:

human

Source:

Schiebler-1999

Citation:

Eighth Edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1999.

Source Title:

Anatomie

Name:

praemotorischer Kortex

Language:

German

Organism:

human

Source:

Mai-2002

Citation:

Zentrum für Anatomie und Hirnforschung, Institut für Neuroanatomie Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

Source Title:

Name:

área premotora

Language:

Spanish

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1994

Citation:

edicion 4, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore; traducción de Editorial Medica Panamericana, Buenos Aires, efectuada por el Dr. Alejandro Kaufman

Source Title:

Neuroanatomía Fundamentos

Name:

premotor cortex

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Zilles-1990

Citation:

Chapter 22, pp. 757-802 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos (Ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, 1990

Source Title:

Cortex

Name:

premotor cortex

Language:

English

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Wise-1985a

Citation:

Annu Rev Neurosci 1985;8:1-19

Source Title:

The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory

Name:

intermediate precentral cortex

Language:

English

Organism:

Unspecified

Source:

Wise-1985a

Citation:

Annu Rev Neurosci 1985;8:1-19

Source Title:

The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory

Name:

area premotoria

Language:

Italian

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1995

Citation:

EdiSes, s.r.l.- Napoli, 1995

Source Title:

Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia

Name:

korteks pramotor

Language:

Indonesian

Organism:

human

Source:

Noback-1982

Citation:

Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 1982

Source Title:

Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi

Name:

MOs

Language:

acronym

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-2004

Citation:

Third Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, 2004

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.

Name:

secondary somatomotor areas

Language:

English

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-2004

Citation:

Third Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, 2004

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.

Name:

secondary motor cortex

Language:

English

Organism:

mouse

Source:

Hof-2000

Citation:

Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000

Source Title:

Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains

Name:

nonprimary motor cortex

Language:

English

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Wise-1985a

Citation:

Annu Rev Neurosci 1985;8:1-19

Source Title:

The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory

Name:

MOs

Language:

acronym

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-1998

Citation:

Second Revised Edition, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain

Name:

Language:

acronym

Organism:

mouse

Source:

Paxinos-2001

Citation:

Second Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001

Source Title:

The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates

Name:

secondary motor areas

Language:

English

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-1998

Citation:

Second Revised Edition, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain

Name:

PMC

Language:

acronym

Organism:

Unspecified

Source:

NeuroNames

Citation:

University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Source Title:

NeuroNames

Name:

PREM

Language:

acronym

Organism:

Unspecified

Source:

NeuroNames

Citation:

University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Source Title:

NeuroNames

Illustrations

Showing 1 illustration(s)

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all aspects in
human

Species With The Structure

Equivalent By	Human	Macaque	Rat	Mouse
Internal Structure	Has The Structure	Relevant Data Not Located	Has The Structure	Has The Structure

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Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

premotor area

Source:

Carpenter-1991

Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

premotor cortex

Source:

Zilles-1990

Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Rattus (rat)

Their Name:

secondary motor areas

Source:

Swanson-1998

Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Mus (mouse)

Their Name:

secondary motor cortex

Source:

Hof-2000

Models Where It Appears

Functional CNS Model - Rat

The Functional CNS Model - Rat (FMrat) ( Swanson-2004) is one of three hierarchical models representing the internal organization of the central nervous system (CNS). The others are the Structural CNS Model - Human (SThmn) and the Functional CNS Model - Human (FMhmn). The FMrat model represents the basic organization of the mouse ( Hof-2000 AMBA-2024 ) and, presumably, other rodents. Functional CNS models differ from structural models in that structures are defined and named by connectivity rather than by proximity to other structures at the same level. Functional models are more useful for representing longitudinal components of are grouped based on information drawn from multiple neuroscientific disciplines. such as connections, neurochemical characteristics, and role in physiogical and behavioral processes. While the Functional Model was developed primarily for an atlas of the rat brain ( Swanson-2004 ), the hierarchical organization of structures is for the most part applicable to the human, macaque, mouse and other mammalian brains as well. Structures at lower levels of the Functional CNS hierarchy are largely the same as in the Classical and Developmental Models, i.e., they were originally identified by stains for gray matter (Nissl substance) and white matter (myelin). At the next higher level they are grouped into basic connectional and functional systems of the CNS, such as the subcortical sensory systems, the brainstem motor system and the behavioral state system. At the highest levels CNS structures are grouped on the basis of dissection and embryologic precursors into cerebrum ( cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei ), cerebellum, and cerebrospinal trunk.

Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex

The topographic model of human cerebral cortex is a closed partitive hierarchical model of cerebral cortical structure in the human. The cerebral cortex is segmented on the basis of internal structure, connectivity, and/or functions of cortical areas. It is designed to update the comprehensive early twentieth century parcellations of Brodmann and of von Economo and Koskinas and their successors. A work in progress, it integrates the most authoritative, comprehensive, and recent parcellations and nomenclatures from peer-reviewed publications and neuroanatomical texts. For an equivalent model in the rodent, Search BrainInfo for ' Functional CNS Model - Rat '. This segmentation of the human cerebral cortex, based on a combination of internal structure, connectivity, and function, complements the classical segmentation of the cerebral cortex into lobes, lobules, and gyri based on sulcal patterns: For the classical segmentation, see ' cerebral cortex ' and click 'Locus in Brain Hierarchy'.

cerebral cortex

frontal cortex

motor cortex (somatomotor areas)

primary motor cortex (primary somatomotor area)

premotor cortex (secondary somatomotor areas)