ventral posteromedial nucleus

ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)

Also known as: ventral posteromedial nucleus, Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis, Nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami, Nucleus semilunaris thalami, arcuate nucleus of thalamus, semilunar nucleus, arcuate nucleus-3, Nucleus arcuatus thalami, ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus, posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus, Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami, thalamic gustatory nucleus, ventral posterior medial nucleus, Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (Hassler), ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus, arcuate nucleus, ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, general

NeuroNames ID: 347

All Names & Sources

1 of 35

Showing 35 synonym(s) - Use arrows to navigate

Showing 35 synonym(s)

Name:

nukleus ventral posteromedial talamus

Language:

Indonesian

Organism:

human

Source:

Noback-1982

Citation:

Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 1982

Source Title:

Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi

Name:

заднесрединное нижнее ядро таламуса

Language:

Russian

Organism:

human

Source:

Savel'ev-1996

Citation:

AREA XVII, Moscow, 1996.

Source Title:

Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka

Name:

nukleus arkuat talamus

Language:

Indonesian

Organism:

human

Source:

Noback-1982

Citation:

Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 1982

Source Title:

Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi

Name:

nucleo ventrale posteromediale

Language:

Italian

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1995

Citation:

EdiSes, s.r.l.- Napoli, 1995

Source Title:

Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia

Name:

nukleus ventral posteromedial (VPM)

Language:

Indonesian

Organism:

human

Source:

Noback-1982

Citation:

Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 1982

Source Title:

Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi

Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1983

Citation:

Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1983

Source Title:

Human Neuroanatomy

Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus

Language:

English

Organism:

Macaca fascicularis

Source:

Szabo-1984

Citation:

J Comp Neurol 1984 Jan 10;222(2):265-300

Source Title:

A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Name:

Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis

Language:

Latin

Organism:

human

Source:

Nomina-1983

Citation:

Fifth Edition, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1983

Source Title:

Nomina Anatomica

Name:

Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis

Language:

Latin

Organism:

Macaca mulatta

Source:

Olszewski-1952

Citation:

S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland, 1952

Source Title:

The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument

Name:

Nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami

Language:

Latin

Organism:

Macaca fascicularis

Source:

Shantha-1968

Citation:

Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1968

Source Title:

A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)

Name:

Nucleus semilunaris thalami

Language:

Latin

Organism:

human

Source:

Riley-1943

Citation:

Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1943

Source Title:

An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)

Name:

arcuate nucleus of thalamus

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1983

Citation:

Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1983

Source Title:

Human Neuroanatomy

Name:

semilunar nucleus

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Anthoney-1994

Citation:

Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1994

Source Title:

Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning

Name:

arcuate nucleus-3

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Anthoney-1994

Citation:

Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1994

Source Title:

Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning

Name:

Nucleus arcuatus thalami

Language:

Latin

Organism:

human

Source:

Riley-1943

Citation:

Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1943

Source Title:

An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)

Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1983

Citation:

Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1983

Source Title:

Human Neuroanatomy

Name:

posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Roberts-1970

Citation:

Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1970

Source Title:

Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section

Name:

Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami

Language:

Latin

Organism:

human

Source:

Roberts-1970

Citation:

Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1970

Source Title:

Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section

Name:

thalamic gustatory nucleus

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Anthoney-1994

Citation:

Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1994

Source Title:

Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning

Name:

ventral posterior medial nucleus

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Hirai-1989

Citation:

Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1989 Jan-Mar;14(1):1-34

Source Title:

A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining

Name:

Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (Hassler)

Language:

Latin

Organism:

human

Source:

Jones-1990

Citation:

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1990;54-55:1-20

Source Title:

Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey

Name:

VPM

Language:

acronym

Organism:

Macaca mulatta

Source:

Olszewski-1952

Citation:

S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland, 1952

Source Title:

The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument

Name:

VPM

Language:

acronym

Organism:

human

Source:

Carpenter-1983

Citation:

Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1983

Source Title:

Human Neuroanatomy

Name:

ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

Language:

English

Organism:

mouse

Source:

Hof-2000

Citation:

Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000

Source Title:

Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains

Name:

ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus

Language:

English

Organism:

mouse

Source:

Paxinos-2001

Citation:

Second Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001

Source Title:

The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates

Name:

nukleus semilunar

Language:

Indonesian

Organism:

human

Source:

Noback-1982

Citation:

Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 1982

Source Title:

Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi

Name:

ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus

Language:

English

Organism:

Macaca mulatta

Source:

Jones-2005

Citation:

UC Regents Davis campus, 2005

Source Title:

BrainMaps.org

Name:

заднемедиальное нижнее ядро таламуса

Language:

Russian

Organism:

human

Source:

Savel'ev-2005

Citation:

VEDI, Moscow, 2005.

Source Title:

Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)

Name:

noyau thalamique ventral posteromédial

Language:

French

Organism:

human

Source:

Duvernoy-1992

Citation:

Springer-Verlag, Paris, 1992

Source Title:

Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM

Name:

arcuate nucleus

Language:

English

Organism:

Unspecified

Source:

NeuroNames

Citation:

University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Source Title:

NeuroNames

Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

Language:

English

Organism:

rat

Source:

BAMS

Citation:

Bota M, Dong HW and Swanson L (2003) From gene networks to brain networks, Nature Neuroscience. 6:795-799.

Source Title:

Brain Architecture Management System

Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, general

Language:

English

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-2004

Citation:

Third Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, 2004

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.

Name:

VPM

Language:

acronym

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-2004

Citation:

Third Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, 2004

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.

Name:

VPM

Language:

acronym

Organism:

Macaca mulatta

Source:

Paxinos-2009a

Citation:

Amsterdam: Elsevier-Academic Press. 2009

Source Title:

The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition

Name:

VPM

Language:

acronym

Organism:

Macaca mulatta

Source:

Paxinos-2009a

Citation:

Amsterdam: Elsevier-Academic Press. 2009

Source Title:

The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition

Illustrations

Showing 5 illustration(s)

myelin stain & diagram of
all aspects in
human

labeled line drawings of
sagittal section in
Macaca fascicularis

multiple views of
3D reconstruction in
Macaca mulatta

Nissl stain & diagram of
coronal section in
mouse

Nissl stain & diagram of
sagittal section in
mouse

Species With The Structure

Equivalent By	Human	Macaque	Rat	Mouse
Topology	Has The Structure	Has The Structure	Has The Structure	Has The Structure

1 of 20

Showing 20 record(s) - Use arrows to navigate

Showing 20 record(s)

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

arcuate nucleus of thalamus

Source:

Carpenter-1983

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

arcuate nucleus-3

Source:

Anthoney-1994

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

Nucleus arcuatus thalami

Source:

Riley-1943

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

Nucleus semilunaris thalami

Source:

Riley-1943

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis

Source:

Nomina-1983

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami

Source:

Roberts-1970

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (Hassler)

Source:

Jones-1990

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus

Source:

Roberts-1970

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

semilunar nucleus

Source:

Anthoney-1994

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

thalamic gustatory nucleus

Source:

Anthoney-1994

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

ventral posterior medial nucleus

Source:

Hirai-1989

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus

Source:

Carpenter-1983

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus

Source:

Carpenter-1983

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Macaca fascicularis (Macaca fascicularis)

Their Name:

Nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami

Source:

Shantha-1968

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Macaca fascicularis (Macaca fascicularis)

Their Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus

Source:

Szabo-1984

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Macaca mulatta (Macaca mulatta)

Their Name:

Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis

Source:

Olszewski-1952

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Macaca mulatta (Macaca mulatta)

Their Name:

ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus

Source:

Jones-2005

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Rattus (rat)

Their Name:

ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

Source:

BAMS

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Mus (mouse)

Their Name:

ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus

Source:

Paxinos-2001

Basis:

Topology

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Mus (mouse)

Their Name:

ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

Source:

Hof-2000

Models Where It Appears

Structural CNS Model - Macaque

Brain structures of the macaque are illustrated in BrainInfo’s NeuroMaps macaque brain atlas. Structures are grouped by proximity in a hierarchy corresponding to the central nervous system hierarchy of NeuroNames ( Bowden-1995 Martin-2000 ). Structures in the NeuroMaps atlas are based on the segmentation of an MRI of the brain of a 3-year old male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The atlas is most useful for targeting structures for implantating electrodes and chemtrodes. Updated 29 Oct 2025.

Functional CNS Model - Rat

The Functional CNS Model - Rat (FMrat) ( Swanson-2004) is one of three hierarchical models representing the internal organization of the central nervous system (CNS). The others are the Structural CNS Model - Human (SThmn) and the Functional CNS Model - Human (FMhmn). The FMrat model represents the basic organization of the mouse ( Hof-2000 AMBA-2024 ) and, presumably, other rodents. Functional CNS models differ from structural models in that structures are defined and named by connectivity rather than by proximity to other structures at the same level. Functional models are more useful for representing longitudinal components of are grouped based on information drawn from multiple neuroscientific disciplines. such as connections, neurochemical characteristics, and role in physiogical and behavioral processes. While the Functional Model was developed primarily for an atlas of the rat brain ( Swanson-2004 ), the hierarchical organization of structures is for the most part applicable to the human, macaque, mouse and other mammalian brains as well. Structures at lower levels of the Functional CNS hierarchy are largely the same as in the Classical and Developmental Models, i.e., they were originally identified by stains for gray matter (Nissl substance) and white matter (myelin). At the next higher level they are grouped into basic connectional and functional systems of the CNS, such as the subcortical sensory systems, the brainstem motor system and the behavioral state system. At the highest levels CNS structures are grouped on the basis of dissection and embryologic precursors into cerebrum ( cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei ), cerebellum, and cerebrospinal trunk.

gray matter (central nervous system gray matter)

cerebrum

cerebellum

cerebrospinal trunk

subcortical sensory systems (sensory system)

thalamus

sensorimotor thalamus (thalamus, sensory-motor cortex related)

ventral group of the dorsal thalamus

ventral anterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (ventral anterior-lateral complex of the thalamus)

ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus (ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus)

ventral posterior complex of the thalamus

ventral posterolateral nucleus