brain
Acronym:
BRN
The term brain (BRN) refers to one of two parts of the central nervous system (CNS) as defined by dissection in vertebrates ( Swanson-2015 ).. It is the part of the CNS located in the cranial cavity (CCV); the other is the spinal cord (SPC) ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some biologists also use 'brain' in reference to the central ganglion of the nervous system of invertebrate species ( Wikipedia ).
Neuroscientists have created a number of comprehensive hierarchical models of BRN topology and internal structure in sufficient detail to be used for quantitative analyses of BRN structure and function ( Bowden-1997 ). Most of those published since the 1970s are stereotaxic atlases that meet criteria for use in quantitative neuroanatomy, namely, the entire brain is included and all structures are defined by boundaries such that every point in the BRN appears in one and only one primary structure ( Bowden-1997 ).
Models of three basi kinds of hierarchy are functional, structural and developmental. 1) Functional models are most useful for correlating brain structure with mental and behavioral functions. The most comprehensive is a neurobehavioral state model, the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ). In structural models structures are grouped by proximity, a format most useful for targeting structures for implanting devices or surgical intervention, such as ( Bowden-1995, Rohlfing-2012 ) and updated in this version of NeuroNames); 2) a Developmental Model in which structures are grouped by the location of their precursor structures (prosomeres) in the embryo ( Watson-2017 ); 3) a Gene Expression Model in which gene expression is mapped to the Developmental Model ( Watson-2017, ARA-2011 ); 4) a and 5) a Neurobehavioral Control Model in which structures are grouped into one of four sensorimotor systems and three loop circuit systems of the overall nervous system ( summarized in Bowden-2021 and under development in this version of NeuroNames ). Final 23 Dec 2024.
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Also known as: suprasegmental structuresNeuroNames ID : 21
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